Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy (APMPPE)

by | Feb 22, 2019 | Uncategorized | 0 comments

All Premium Themes And WEBSITE Utilities Tools You Ever Need! Greatest 100% Free Bonuses With Any Purchase.

Greatest CYBER MONDAY SALES with Bonuses are offered to following date: Get Started For Free!
Purchase Any Product Today! Premium Bonuses More Than $10,997 Will Be Emailed To You To Keep Even Just For Trying It Out.
Click Here To See Greatest Bonuses

and Try Out Any Today!

Here’s the deal.. if you buy any product(s) Linked from this sitewww.Knowledge-Easy.com including Clickbank products, as long as not Google’s product ads, I am gonna Send ALL to you absolutely FREE!. That’s right, you WILL OWN ALL THE PRODUCTS, for Now, just follow these instructions:

1. Order the product(s) you want by click here and select the Top Product, Top Skill you like on this site ..

2. Automatically send you bonuses or simply send me your receipt to consultingadvantages@yahoo.com Or just Enter name and your email in the form at the Bonus Details.

3. I will validate your purchases. AND Send Themes, ALL 50 Greatests Plus The Ultimate Marketing Weapon & “WEBMASTER’S SURVIVAL KIT” to you include ALL Others are YOURS to keep even you return your purchase. No Questions Asked! High Classic Guaranteed for you! Download All Items At One Place.

That’s it !

*Also Unconditionally, NO RISK WHAT SO EVER with Any Product you buy this website,

60 Days Money Back Guarantee,

IF NOT HAPPY FOR ANY REASON, FUL REFUND, No Questions Asked!

Download Instantly in Hands Top Rated today!

Remember, you really have nothing to lose if the item you purchased is not right for you! Keep All The Bonuses.

Super Premium Bonuses Are Limited Time Only!

Day(s)

:

Hour(s)

:

Minute(s)

:

Second(s)

Get Paid To Use Facebook, Twitter and YouTube
Online Social Media Jobs Pay $25 - $50/Hour.
No Experience Required. Work At Home, $316/day!
View 1000s of companies hiring writers now!

Order Now!

MOST POPULAR

*****
Customer Support Chat Job: $25/hr
Chat On Twitter Job - $25/hr
Get Paid to chat with customers on
a business’s Twitter account.

Try Free Now!

Get Paid To Review Apps On Phone
Want to get paid $810 per week online?
Get Paid To Review Perfect Apps Weekly.

Order Now
!
Look For REAL Online Job?
Get Paid To Write Articles $200/day
View 1000s of companies hiring writers now!

Try-Out Free Now!

How To Develop Your Skill For Great Success And Happiness Including Become CPA? | Additional special tips From Admin

Skill Improvement can be the number 1 significant and chief issue of attaining real achievement in just about all vocations as anyone saw in all of our community along with in Throughout the world. As a result fortuitous to explore together with everyone in the following related to just what good Competency Progression is; just how or what ways we do the job to obtain desires and at some point one definitely will do the job with what anyone loves to achieve each and every working day pertaining to a entire lifetime. Is it so fantastic if you are capable to grow effectively and uncover financial success in just what you thought, designed for, self-displined and did wonders hard every afternoon and without doubt you turn out to be a CPA, Attorney, an holder of a considerable manufacturer or quite possibly a health practitioner who might tremendously play a role superb guide and valuations to many people, who many, any contemporary culture and city without doubt shown admiration for and respected. I can's think I can help others to be major expert level exactly who will bring about important remedies and aid values to society and communities today. How content are you if you turn out to be one like so with your personal name on the headline? I have got there at SUCCESS and prevail over all the challenging pieces which is passing the CPA tests to be CPA. At the same time, we will also include what are the traps, or other matters that is perhaps on your manner and exactly how I have privately experienced all of them and definitely will exhibit you learn how to cure them. | From Admin and Read More at Cont'.

Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy (APMPPE)

No Results

No Results

processing….

First described by Gass in 1968, acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) is an acquired inflammatory disorder affecting the retina, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid of otherwise young healthy adults. [1] The disease is self-limited and is characterized by multiple yellow-white placoid subretinal lesions of the posterior pole, as shown below. The lesions are frequently bilateral and in various stages of evolution, typically resolving in weeks to months and leaving circumscribed areas of retinal pigment epithelial disturbance.

Visual acuity may be affected significantly if the macula is involved, but recovery is the rule with or without systemic therapy, with 80% of those eyes affected achieving a visual acuity of 20/40 or better. The cause is unknown but believed to be a hypersensitivity-induced vasculitis involving not only terminal choroidal lobules but also diffuse systemic large and small vessels.

The pathophysiology of APMPPE is somewhat speculative.

Two major theories concerning the pathogenesis of APMPPE have been proposed based on clinical and diagnostic findings. No histopathological evidence is available on acute or subacute stages of the disease.

The first suggests that inflammation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and outer retina manifests as placoid lesions during the acute phase. [1]

The second theory, which is more convincing, suggests that choroidal vasculitis leads to partial occlusion of the choriocapillaris in these eyes. In turn, disruption of choroidal blood flow causes secondary ischemia of the overlying RPE and outer retina, manifesting as placoid lesions. [2]

Other findings suggestive of vasculitis include episcleritis, erythema nodosum, microvascular nephropathy, thyroiditis, optic neuritis, labyrinthitis, hearing loss, and cerebral angiitis. Meningoencephalitis occasionally has been observed.

United States

The incidence and prevalence of APMPPE is unknown. However, since the landmark description of Gass, APMPPE has been reported frequently and widely from ophthalmic centers, primarily in the United States and Western Europe. Most US patients reported in the literature reside in the northern and midwestern states.

International

Reports in the international literature have included patients from northwestern European countries, such as England, Scotland, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Denmark. Several reports have originated from Japan. Reports from other geographic areas have been sparse.

APMPPE usually affects healthy adults, and, other than ocular involvement, systemic manifestations are relatively uncommon. When they do occur, many systemic manifestations are usually mild and transient in nature; however, the presence of cerebral vasculitis has been associated with permanent neurologic sequelae, such as hemiparesis and even death from intracerebral edema and brain herniation in rare instances.

Almost 80% of the recorded cases include whites, with the remainder being Japanese, African American, Nepalese, and from the Indian subcontinent. Whether this racial distribution represents a predilection of APMPPE for whites or a reporting bias is unclear.

Earlier reports of APMPPE suggested a slight preponderance of women with this disease, but more recent publications suggest no sexual predilection, with equal frequency between both men and women.

The mean age of onset is approximately 27 years. The documented age range of onset is 7-66 years. The most frequent age range of occurrence of APMPPE is in those patients aged 16-40 years, representing approximately 85% of cases. About 50% of patients present in the third decade of life.

Gass JD. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1968 Aug. 80(2):177-85. [Medline].

Heiferman MJ, Rahmani S, Jampol LM, Nesper PL, Skondra D, Kim LA, et al. ACUTE POSTERIOR MULTIFOCAL PLACOID PIGMENT EPITHELIOPATHY ON OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY. Retina. 2017 Feb 1. [Medline].

Yang DS, Hilford DJ, Conrad D. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy after meningococcal C conjugate vaccine. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2005 Apr. 33(2):219-21. [Medline].

Mendrinos E, Baglivo E. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy following influenza vaccination. Eye (Lond). 2010 Jan. 24(1):180-1. [Medline].

Fine HF, Kim E, Flynn TE, Gomes NL, Chang S. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy following varicella vaccination. Br J Ophthalmol. 2010 Mar. 94(3):282-3, 363. [Medline].

Baxter KR, Opremcak EM. Panretinal acute multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy: a novel posterior uveitis syndrome with HLA-A3 and HLA-C7 association. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2013 Feb 4. 3(1):29. [Medline]. [Full Text].

Yeh S, Forooghian F, Wong WT, Faia LJ, Cukras C, Lew JC, et al. Fundus autofluorescence imaging of the white dot syndromes. Arch Ophthalmol. 2010 Jan. 128(1):46-56. [Medline]. [Full Text].

Grkovic D, Oros A, Karadžic J, Bedov T, Gvozdenovic L, Jovanovic S. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy-retinal “white dot syndrome”. Med Glas (Zenica). 2013 Feb. 10(1):194-6. [Medline].

Aoyagi R, Hayashi T, Gekka T, Kozaki K, Tsuneoka H. Multifocal electroretinographic evaluation of macular function in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Doc Ophthalmol. 2013 Jun. 126(3):253-8. [Medline].

Cheung CM, Yeo IY, Koh A. Photoreceptor changes in acute and resolved acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy documented by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Arch Ophthalmol. 2010 May. 128(5):644-6. [Medline].

Goldenberg D, Habot-Wilner Z, Loewenstein A, Goldstein M. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography classification of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Retina. 2012 Jul. 32 (7):1403-10. [Medline]. [Full Text].

Mrejen S, Gallego-Pinazo R, Wald KJ, Freund KB. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy as a choroidopathy: what we learned from adaptive optics imaging. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013 Oct. 131 (10):1363-4. [Medline]. [Full Text].

Michael A. Klufas, MD , Nopasak Phasukkijwatana, MD , Nicholas A. Iafe, BA , et al. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Reveals Choriocapillaris Flow Reduction in Placoid Chorioretinitis. Ophthalmology Retina. January–February 2017. Volume 1, Issue 1:77–91. [Full Text].

Hirooka K, Saito W, Saito M, Hashimoto Y, Mori S, Noda K, et al. Increased choroidal blood flow velocity with regression of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2016 May. 60 (3):172-8. [Medline].

Mrejen S, Sarraf D, Chexal S, Wald K, Freund KB. Choroidal Involvement in Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2016 Jan. 47 (1):20-6. [Medline].

Mavrakanas N, Mendrinos E, Tabatabay C, Pournaras CJ. Intravitreal ranibizumab for choroidal neovascularization secondary to acute multifocal posterior placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Acta Ophthalmol. 2010 Mar. 88 (2):e54-5. [Medline].

Fiore T, Iaccheri B, Androudi S, Papadaki TG, Anzaar F, Brazitikos P, et al. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy: outcome and visual prognosis. Retina. 2009 Jul-Aug. 29 (7):994-1001. [Medline].

Bugnone AN, Hartker F, Shapiro M, Pineless HS, Velez G. Acute and chronic brain infarcts on MR imaging in a 20-year-old woman with acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2006 Jan. 27(1):67-9. [Medline]. [Full Text].

Di Crecchio L, Parodi MB, Saviano S, Ravalico G. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy and ulcerative colitis: a possible association. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2001 Jun. 79(3):319-21. [Medline].

Howe LJ, Woon H, Graham EM, Fitzke F, Bhandari A, Marshall J. Choroidal hypoperfusion in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. An indocyanine green angiography study. Ophthalmology. 1995 May. 102(5):790-8. [Medline].

Hsu CT, Harlan JB, Goldberg MF, Dunn JP. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy associated with a systemic necrotizing vasculitis. Retina. 2003 Feb. 23(1):64-8. [Medline].

Lim LL, Watzke RC, Lauer AK, Smith JR. Ocular coherence tomography in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2006 Nov. 34(8):810-2. [Medline].

Lofoco G, Ciucci F, Bardocci A, Quercioli P, Steigerwalt RD Jr, De Gaetano C. Optical coherence tomography findings in a case of acute multifocal posterior placoid pigment epitheliopathy (AMPPPE). Eur J Ophthalmol. 2005 Jan-Feb. 15(1):143-7. [Medline].

Lowder CY, Foster RE, Gordon SM, Gutman FA. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy after acute group A streptococcal infection. Am J Ophthalmol. 1996 Jul. 122(1):115-7. [Medline].

Mensah E, Vafidis GC. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy in a 7-year-old girl. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2002 Jul-Aug. 39(4):239-41. [Medline].

O’Halloran HS, Berger JR, Lee WB, Robertson DM, Giovannini JA, Krohel GB, et al. Acute multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy and central nervous system involvement: nine new cases and a review of the literature. Ophthalmology. 2001 May. 108(5):861-8. [Medline].

Parmeggiani F, Costagliola C, D’Angelo S, Incorvaia C, Perri P, Sebastiani A. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma associated with bilateral atypical acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Oncology. 2004. 66(6):502-9. [Medline].

Ryan SJ, Maumenee AE. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1972 Dec. 74(6):1066-74. [Medline].

Scheufele TA, Witkin AJ, Schocket LS, Rogers AH, Schuman JS, Ko TH, et al. Photoreceptor atrophy in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy demonstrated by optical coherence tomography. Retina. 2005 Dec. 25(8):1109-12. [Medline]. [Full Text].

Smith CH, Savino PJ, Beck RW, Schatz NJ, Sergott RC. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy and cerebral vasculitis. Arch Neurol. 1983 Jan. 40(1):48-50. [Medline].

Thomson SP, Roxburgh ST. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy associated with adenovirus infection. Eye. 2003 May. 17(4):542-4. [Medline].

Uthman I, Najjar DM, Kanj SS, Bashshur Z. Anticardiolipin antibodies in acute multifocal posterior placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003 Jul. 62(7):687-8. [Medline].

Wolf MD, Folk JC, Panknen CA, Goeken NE. HLA-B7 and HLA-DR2 antigens and acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1990 May. 108(5):698-700. [Medline].

El-Markaby HS, Mohammed TH, El-Raggal TM. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy: role of TNF blocker in severe cases. Retina. 2012 Nov-Dec. 32 (10):2102-7. [Medline].

Gendy MG, Fawzi AA, Wendel RT, Pieramici DJ, Miller JA, Jampol LM. Multimodal imaging in persistent placoid maculopathy. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2014 Jan. 132 (1):38-49. [Medline].

Lakshmana M Kooragayala, MD Vitreo-retinal Surgeon, Marietta Eye Clinic

Lakshmana M Kooragayala, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Society of Retina Specialists

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

R Christopher Walton, MD Professor, Director of Uveitis and Ocular Inflammatory Disease Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee College of Medicine

R Christopher Walton, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Retina Society, American College of Healthcare Executives, American Uveitis Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

C Stephen Foster, MD, FACS, FACR, FAAO, FARVO Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School; Consulting Staff, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary; Founder and President, Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation, Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution

C Stephen Foster, MD, FACS, FACR, FAAO, FARVO is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Association of Immunologists, American College of Rheumatology, American College of Surgeons, American Federation for Clinical Research, American Medical Association, American Society for Microbiology, American Uveitis Society, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Medical Society, Royal Society of Medicine, Sigma Xi

Disclosure: Serve(d) as a director, officer, partner, employee, advisor, consultant or trustee for: Aldeyra Therapeutics (Lexington, MA); Bausch & Lomb Surgical, Inc (Rancho Cucamonga, CA); Eyegate Pharma (Waltham, MA); Novartis (Cambridge, MA); pSivida (Watertown, MA); Xoma (Berkeley, CA)<br/>Received research grant from: Alcon; Aldeyra Therapeutics; Allakos Pharmaceuticals; Allergan; Bausch & Lomb; Clearside Biomedical; Dompé pharmaceutical; Eyegate Pharma; Mallinckrodt pharmaceuticals; Novartis; pSivida; Santen.

Andrew A Dahl, MD, FACS Assistant Professor of Surgery (Ophthalmology), New York College of Medicine (NYCOM); Director of Residency Ophthalmology Training, The Institute for Family Health and Mid-Hudson Family Practice Residency Program; Staff Ophthalmologist, Telluride Medical Center

Andrew A Dahl, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American College of Surgeons, American Intraocular Lens Society, American Medical Association, American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Contact Lens Association of Ophthalmologists, Medical Society of the State of New York, New York State Ophthalmological Society, Outpatient Ophthalmic Surgery Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

The authors and editors of Medscape Reference gratefully acknowledge the contributions of previous coauthor, James P Ganley, MD, PharmD, DrPH, to the development and writing of this article.

Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy (APMPPE)

Research & References of Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy (APMPPE)|A&C Accounting And Tax Services
Source

From Admin and Read More here. A note for you if you pursue CPA licence, KEEP PRACTICE with the MANY WONDER HELPS I showed you. Make sure to check your works after solving simulations. If a Cashflow statement or your consolidation statement is balanced, you know you pass right after sitting for the exams. I hope my information are great and helpful. Implement them. They worked for me. Hey.... turn gray hair to black also guys. Do not forget HEALTH? Competency Advancement is usually the number 1 crucial and important consideration of achieving true being successful in virtually all professions as most people witnessed in our own population in addition to in Throughout the world. For that reason fortunate enough to look at with you in the soon after concerning what exactly effective Ability Expansion is;. exactly how or what tactics we perform to obtain aspirations and eventually one should work with what those prefers to perform each individual working day designed for a 100 % daily life. Is it so very good if you are in a position to cultivate resourcefully and get good results in exactly what you believed, geared for, self-displined and functioned hard each and every day time and certainly you come to be a CPA, Attorney, an holder of a great manufacturer or perhaps even a medical professional who are able to remarkably add very good assistance and values to many others, who many, any culture and town obviously shown admiration for and respected. I can's believe I can guide others to be main skilled level who seem to will make contributions essential solutions and relief values to society and communities at present. How joyful are you if you develop into one just like so with your personal name on the headline? I get arrived on the scene at SUCCESS and get over almost all the hard sections which is passing the CPA tests to be CPA. Moreover, we will also go over what are the hurdles, or many other challenges that could possibly be on your current option and ways I have personally experienced them and is going to show you methods to cure them.

Send your purchase information or ask a question here!

5 + 2 =

0 Comments

Submit a Comment

World Top Business Management Tips For You!

Business Best Sellers

 

Get Paid To Use Facebook, Twitter and YouTube
Online Social Media Jobs Pay $25 - $50/Hour.
No Experience Required. Work At Home, $316/day!
View 1000s of companies hiring writers now!
Order Now!

 

MOST POPULAR

*****

Customer Support Chat Job: $25/hr
Chat On Twitter Job - $25/hr
Get Paid to chat with customers on
a business’s Twitter account.
Try Free Now!

 

Get Paid To Review Apps On Phone
Want to get paid $810 per week online?
Get Paid To Review Perfect Apps Weekly.
Order Now!

Look For REAL Online Job?
Get Paid To Write Articles $200/day
View 1000s of companies hiring writers now!
Try-Out Free Now!

 

 

Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy (APMPPE)

error: Content is protected !!