Pulmonary valve stenosis
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Pulmonary valve stenosis is a condition in which a deformity on or near your pulmonary valve narrows the pulmonary valve opening and slows the blood flow. The pulmonary valve is located between the lower right heart chamber (right ventricle) and the pulmonary arteries. Adults occasionally have pulmonary valve stenosis as a complication of another illness, but mostly, pulmonary valve stenosis develops before birth as a congenital heart defect.
Pulmonary valve stenosis ranges from mild and without symptoms to severe. Mild pulmonary stenosis doesn’t usually worsen over time, but moderate and severe cases may worsen and require surgery. Fortunately, treatment is generally highly successful, and most people with pulmonary valve stenosis can expect to lead normal lives.
Pulmonary valve stenosis signs and symptoms vary, depending on the extent of the obstruction. People with mild pulmonary stenosis usually don’t have symptoms. Those with more significant stenosis often may first notice symptoms while exercising.
Pulmonary valve stenosis signs and symptoms may include:
Talk to your doctor if you or your child has:
If you have pulmonary stenosis or another heart problem, prompt evaluation and treatment can help reduce your risk of complications.
In pulmonary stenosis, the flow of blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery is obstructed by narrowing at the pulmonary valve. The greater the constriction, the harder the right ventricle must pump to force blood into the pulmonary artery. Pumping of the right ventricle against increased pressure causes the right ventricle to become thicker (hypertrophied).
Pulmonary valve stenosis usually occurs when the pulmonary valve doesn’t grow properly during fetal development. Babies who have the condition may have other congenital heart abnormalities, as well. It’s not known what causes the valve to develop abnormally.
The pulmonary valve is made up of three thin pieces of tissue called cusps that are arranged in a circle. With each heartbeat, the valve opens in the direction of blood flow — into the pulmonary artery and continuing to the lungs — then closes to prevent blood from flowing backward into the heart’s right ventricle.
One or more of the cusps may be defective or too thick, or the cusps may not separate from each other properly. If this happens, the valve doesn’t open correctly, restricting blood flow.
Sometimes other medical conditions or having an artificial valve can cause the condition.
Because pulmonary valve stenosis usually develops before birth, there aren’t many known risk factors. However, certain conditions and procedures can increase your risk of developing pulmonary valve stenosis later in life, including:
Pulmonary stenosis may be associated with the following:
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Pulmonary valve stenosis
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