Esotropia with High AC/A Ratio
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Strabismus is a misalignment of the eyes such that both eyes are not directed simultaneously at the same object. Esotropia is a type of strabismus characterized by an inward deviation of one eye relative to the other eye. The accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio gives the relationship between the amount of convergence (in-turning of the eyes) that is generated by a given amount of accommodation (focusing effort). Esotropia with high AC/A ratio (also termed nonrefractive accommodative esotropia) combines a high AC/A ratio with low hyperopia or even myopia. Amblyopia (reduced visual acuity due to an abnormal visual experience early in life) frequently develops if the condition remains untreated. [1]
No racial predilection exists for esotropia with high AC/A ratio.
No sex predilection exists for esotropia with high AC/A ratio.
Esotropia with high AC/A ratio presents by the age of 2 years.
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Chris Noyes, MD, FAAFP Private Practice, Texas Family Medicine
Chris Noyes, MD, FAAFP is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Family Physicians, Texas Medical Association, Texas Academy of Family Physicians
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Raghav R Gupta, MD Consulting Staff, Department of Ophthalmology, Vista Ophthalmology, Medical Center of Plano, and Presbyterian Hospital of Plano
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Simon K Law, MD, PharmD Clinical Professor of Health Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine
Simon K Law, MD, PharmD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, American Glaucoma Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
J James Rowsey, MD Former Director of Corneal Services, St Luke’s Cataract and Laser Institute
J James Rowsey, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Medical Association, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Florida Medical Association, Sigma Xi, Southern Medical Association, Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Hampton Roy, Sr, MD Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
Hampton Roy, Sr, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American College of Surgeons, Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Gerhard W Cibis, MD Clinical Professor, Director of Pediatric Ophthalmology Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kansas School of Medicine
Gerhard W Cibis, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, American Ophthalmological Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
The authors and editors of Medscape Reference gratefully acknowledge the contributions of previous coauthor, D Brian Stidham, MD, to the development and writing of this article.
Esotropia with High AC/A Ratio
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