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Introduction to Vulnerability Analysis in Ethical Hacking
Introduction
In this article we will discuss the various aspects of Vulnerability analysis in ethical hacking. We will walk you through common examples of vulnerability, various lists and models to prevent them. The models we will be discussing are firewall, password, logical bombing and web hijacking, and in this article, we will talk about the methods to protect systems from these vulnerabilities.
Vulnerability can be defined as an issue in the software code that a hacker can exploit to harm the systems. It can be a gap in the implementation of cybersecurity procedures or a weakness in the controls.
What is an example of vulnerability?
Examples of vulnerabilities exist in every industry. These include:
The 4 main types of vulnerabilities are:
Below are the various types of Vulnerability lists as per OWASP. There are around 60 in number at present, and the list is growing:
Vulnerability analysis is a procedure to check all the vulnerabilities in the systems, computers and other ecosystem tools. The vulnerability analysis helps in the analyzing, recognizing and ranking of the vulnerabilities as per the severity. It helps with the identification and assessment of threat details, enabling us to keep a resolution to protect them from hackers. The analysis can be done for every industry from Healthcare to Retail to IT.
Objectives of the Vulnerability analysis
Importance of Vulnerability Analysis
To identify network vulnerabilities. This scan helps to find the vulnerable systems in the wired and wireless networks
This scan is to identify vulnerabilities in the ports, configuration, server workstations, other hosts and patch history
Complete scan on wireless networks to find the vulnerabilities
To test all portals and mobile applications for vulnerabilities
To scan all the databases for potential vulnerabilities
Firewall model
To crack the password the hacker uses any of the following – Dictionary, Hybrid model and Brute force
This usually happens when the hacker uses a malicious code to inject the web application or the cloud infrastructure
This happens when an unauthorized user tries to access the application bypassing the authorization mechanism
We need to follow some simple steps to prevent hacking
Conclusion
In this article we have discussed the various vulnerabilities that hackers can exploit to gain unauthorized access to a system. Best practices and techniques on how to find the vulnerabilities are also discussed. We have discussed the analysis of vulnerabilities and how it helps in preventing the system from being hacked. Finally, we have discussed models of vulnerabilities in ethical hacking and the ways to keep ourselves protected from hacking.
Unauthorized network access by Hackers due to a weak Firewall
Cracking of Wi-Fi Passwords
Exposure of sensitive data due to lack of application security
- Credit card data, Health Records
Credit card data, Health Records
Security misconfiguration
- Misconfiguration of passwords
Misconfiguration of passwords
Insecure cryptographic storage
Faulty defenses – Poor defense measures pave the way for easy intrusion by hackers. This may be due to weak authentication, authorization, and encryption.
Resource management not adequate –The chances of buffer overflow and the potential to have many vulnerabilities are greater when there is inadequate resource management.
Insecure connections – If the connection between the system, application and networks is insecure, there is a higher probability of many threats like SQL injection.
End user errors and misuse – In many cases, the errors are caused by humans and misuse of the systems.
Allowing Domains or Accounts to Expire
- When domain names have expired, the hacker may buy them and set up a mail server. The hacker can find out the incoming mails and get to know the details.
When domain names have expired, the hacker may buy them and set up a mail server. The hacker can find out the incoming mails and get to know the details.
Buffer Overflow
- A process where there is more data added to the buffer and the excess data becomes corrupted and susceptible to vulnerabilities.
A process where there is more data added to the buffer and the excess data becomes corrupted and susceptible to vulnerabilities.
Business logic vulnerability
- The software code may be missing a security control like authentications, encryption, or authorization.
The software code may be missing a security control like authentications, encryption, or authorization.
CRLF Injection
- Carriage Return Line Feed – Can be done by modifying the HTTP parameter of the URL.
Carriage Return Line Feed – Can be done by modifying the HTTP parameter of the URL.
CSV Injection
- When untrusted CSV files are embedded to the websites causing vulnerabilities.
When untrusted CSV files are embedded to the websites causing vulnerabilities.
Catch Null Pointer Exception
- When the program contains the null pointer, it is highly risky.
When the program contains the null pointer, it is highly risky.
Covert storage channel
- This can help the attackers easily and often happens due to faulty implementation.
This can help the attackers easily and often happens due to faulty implementation.
Deserialization of untrusted data
- Injection of malicious data into the applications to stop execution of programs.
Injection of malicious data into the applications to stop execution of programs.
Directory Restriction Error
- Happens due to the improper use of CHROOT.
Happens due to the improper use of CHROOT.
Doubly freeing memory
- This error occurs when free() is called more than once in the memory address.
This error occurs when free() is called more than once in the memory address.
Empty String Password
- Empty string password is highly insecure.
Empty string password is highly insecure.
Expression Language Injection
- Injection happens when attacker-controlled data enters an EL interpreter.
Injection happens when attacker-controlled data enters an EL interpreter.
Full Trust CLR Verification issue Exploiting Passing Reference Types by Reference
- Create a file called by ValueTypeTest.cs and compile it using csc by Value Type Test.csc.
Create a file called by ValueTypeTest.cs and compile it using csc by Value Type Test.csc.
Heartbleed Bug
- Catastrophic bug in OpenSSL
Catastrophic bug in OpenSSL
Improper Data Validation
- Multiple validation forms with the same name indicate that validation logic is not up-to-date.
Multiple validation forms with the same name indicate that validation logic is not up-to-date.
Improper pointer subtraction
- The subtraction of one pointer from another to determine the size is dependent on the assumption that both pointers exist in the same memory chunk.
The subtraction of one pointer from another to determine the size is dependent on the assumption that both pointers exist in the same memory chunk.
Information exposure through query strings in url
- Information exposure through query strings in URL is when sensitive data is passed to parameters in the URL.
Information exposure through query strings in URL is when sensitive data is passed to parameters in the URL.
Injection problem
- The basic form of this flaw involves the injection of control-plane data into the data-plane in order to alter the control flow of the process
The basic form of this flaw involves the injection of control-plane data into the data-plane in order to alter the control flow of the process
Insecure Compiler Optimization
- Improperly scrubbing sensitive data from memory can compromise security.
Improperly scrubbing sensitive data from memory can compromise security.
Insecure Randomness
- Insecure randomness errors occur when a function that can produce predictable values is used as a source of randomness in security-sensitive context.
Insecure randomness errors occur when a function that can produce predictable values is used as a source of randomness in security-sensitive context.
Insecure Temporary File
- Creating and using insecure temporary files can leave application and system data vulnerable to attacks.
Creating and using insecure temporary files can leave application and system data vulnerable to attacks.
Insecure Third-Party Domain Access
- Occurs when an application contains content provided from a 3rd party resource that is delivered without any type of content scrub.
Occurs when an application contains content provided from a 3rd party resource that is delivered without any type of content scrub.
Insecure Transport
- The application configuration should ensure that SSL is used for all access-controlled pages.
The application configuration should ensure that SSL is used for all access-controlled pages.
Insufficient Entropy
- Pseudo Random Number Generators are susceptible to suffering from insufficient entropy when they are initialized, because entropy data may not be available to them yet.
Pseudo Random Number Generators are susceptible to suffering from insufficient entropy when they are initialized, because entropy data may not be available to them yet.
Insufficient Session-ID Length
- Session identifiers should be at least 128 bits long to prevent brute-force session guessing attacks
Session identifiers should be at least 128 bits long to prevent brute-force session guessing attacks
Least Privilege Violation
- The elevated privilege level required to perform operations such as chroot () should be dropped immediately after the operation is performed.
The elevated privilege level required to perform operations such as chroot () should be dropped immediately after the operation is performed.
Memory leak
- A memory leak is an unintentional form of memory consumption whereby the developer fails to free an allocated block of memory when no longer needed.
A memory leak is an unintentional form of memory consumption whereby the developer fails to free an allocated block of memory when no longer needed.
Missing Error Handling
Must define a default error page for 404 errors, 500 errors
Missing XML Validation
- Failure to enable validation when parsing XML gives an attacker the opportunity to supply malicious input.
Failure to enable validation when parsing XML gives an attacker the opportunity to supply malicious input.
Multiple admin levels
- Multiple level admins may alter the login credentials
Multiple level admins may alter the login credentials
Null Dereference
OWASP .NET Vulnerability Research
Overly Permissive Regular Expression
PHP File Inclusion
PHP Object Injection
PRNG Seed Error
Password Management Hardcoded Password
Password Plaintext Storage
Poor Logging Practice
Portability Flaw
Privacy Violation
Process Control
Return Inside Finally Block
Session Variable Overloading
String Termination Error
Unchecked Error Condition
Unchecked Return Value Missing Check against Null
Undefined Behavior
Unreleased Resource
Unrestricted File Upload
Unsafe JNI
Unsafe Mobile Code
Unsafe function call from a signal handler
Unsafe use of Reflection
Use of Obsolete Methods
Use of hard-coded password
Using a broken or risky cryptographic algorithm
Using freed memory
Vulnerability template
XML External Entity (XXE) Processing
To identify vulnerabilities – Configuration, system, Design, Code, Process
Documenting the vulnerabilities
Preparation of guidance to mitigate the vulnerabilities
Deep dive insights of the security issues
Helps us understand the risks associated with the entire ecosystem
For security breaches
Assets that are prone to cyber attacks
Insider attacks – A Perimeter firewall should be decided and this can take care of the external attacks
Missed security patches
- When the patch management of firewall has not happened
When the patch management of firewall has not happened
Configuration issues
- If there are faults in the configuration of firewall
If there are faults in the configuration of firewall
DDOS attacks
- Only allow legitimate traffic to avoid these attacks
Only allow legitimate traffic to avoid these attacks
Updating of Operating systems
Installation of the proper firewall to prevent intrusion
Destroying all personal information from all the web sources
No use of Open Wi-Fi
Password – Strong password which is not easy to find out
Smart emailing – Avoid opening of phishing mails
Keep the sensitive data in the protected environment
Ignore spam
Shut down the systems after use
Secure the network
Back up the data
Research & References of Introduction to Vulnerability Analysis in Ethical Hacking|A&C Accounting And Tax Services
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Skill level Expansion will be the number 1 imperative and major aspect of getting valid accomplishment in almost all occupations as you will experienced in our own modern culture in addition to in Around the globe. For that reason fortunate enough to look at together with you in the next concerning what successful Expertise Improvement is;.
the way in which or what solutions we job to gain wishes and in the end one can job with what the person really loves to accomplish just about every single day for a comprehensive your life. Is it so great if you are have the ability to establish quickly and see victory in whatever you thought, planned for, disciplined and performed hard every day time and absolutely you turn out to be a CPA, Attorney, an operator of a good sized manufacturer or possibly even a physician who may well exceptionally bring about very good guidance and principles to many others, who many, any culture and town unquestionably admired and respected. I can's believe that I can guidance others to be prime expert level who seem to will bring about substantial treatments and help valuations to society and communities nowadays. How satisfied are you if you develop into one such as so with your private name on the headline? I get arrived at SUCCESS and conquer virtually all the very hard elements which is passing the CPA examinations to be CPA. What's more, we will also take care of what are the downfalls, or different difficulties that may very well be on your method and the way in which I have in person experienced all of them and could reveal you how to address them.
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