Pseudoexotropia
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Pseudoexotropia is a condition in which the alignment of the eyes is straight (also known as orthotropic); however, they appear to be turned outward. [1]
See related CME at Highlights of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Annual Meeting.
Pseudoexotropia occurs with a wide interpupillary distance or a positive angle kappa. Angle kappa is the angle formed between 2 imaginary lines: the visual axis and the pupillary axis. To construct the visual axis, extend a straight line from the viewing object through the nodal point. A straight line going through the center of the pupil and perpendicular to the corneal plane constructs the pupillary axis. Since fovea is displaced temporally, a small angle kappa (up to 5°) manifests as a nasally displaced corneal light reflex. Children may falsely appear to have an exotropia when they look to the side.
United States
The incidence of pseudoexotropia is higher in children with a temporally dragged macula from retinopathy of prematurity.
No known sexual predilection exists.
The appearance of pseudoexotropia is seen at any age.
Catalano RA, Nelson LB. Pediatric Ophthalmology: A Text Atlas. 1994. Vol 25: 100-2.
Wright K. Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. 1995. 192.
Barbara L Roque, MD, DPBO, FPAO Senior Partner, Roque Eye Clinic; Chief of Service, Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Section, Department of Ophthalmology, Asian Hospital and Medical Center; Active Consultant Staff, International Eye Institute, St Luke’s Medical Center Global City
Barbara L Roque, MD, DPBO, FPAO is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Philippine Academy of Ophthalmology, Philippine Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Philippine Society of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Simon K Law, MD, PharmD Clinical Professor of Health Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine
Simon K Law, MD, PharmD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, American Glaucoma Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
J James Rowsey, MD Former Director of Corneal Services, St Luke’s Cataract and Laser Institute
J James Rowsey, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Medical Association, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Florida Medical Association, Sigma Xi, Southern Medical Association, Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Hampton Roy, Sr, MD Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
Hampton Roy, Sr, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American College of Surgeons, Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Gerhard W Cibis, MD Clinical Professor, Director of Pediatric Ophthalmology Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kansas School of Medicine
Gerhard W Cibis, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, American Ophthalmological Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
S Anna Kao, MD Comprehensive Ophthalmologist, Emory Clark Holder Clinic; Staff Physician, Department of Ophthalmology, West Georgia Medical Center
S Anna Kao, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Medical Association, American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Robert William Enzenauer, MD, MPH, MBA, MSS Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Chairman, Department of Ophthalmology, Children’s Hospital
Robert William Enzenauer, MD, MPH, MBA, MSS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, American Association for Physician Leadership, American Academy of Ophthalmology
Disclosure: CLEAR DONOR: Received consulting fee from Clear Donor for consulting; Partner received salary from Clear Donor for employment.
Kenneth T Horlander, MD, FCCP Director, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program, Physician in Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, Emory Clark-Holder Clinic; Director, Medical and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Physician in Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, West Georgia Health System
Kenneth T Horlander, MD, FCCP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Physicians, American Diabetes Association, American Medical Association, American Thoracic Society, Society of Critical Care Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Kalpana K Jatla, MD Private Practice, Clarity Eye Center
Kalpana K Jatla, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Pseudoexotropia
Research & References of Pseudoexotropia|A&C Accounting And Tax Services
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