Thyroid Cancer Staging 

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Thyroid Cancer Staging 

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The TNM classification for thyroid cancer is provided below. [1, 2]

Table. TNM Classification for Thyroid Cancer (Open Table in a new window)

Primary tumor (T)

TX

Primary tumor cannot be assessed

T0

No evidence of primary tumor is found

T1

Tumor size ≤ 2 cm in greatest dimension and is limited to the thyroid

T1a

Tumor ≤ 1 cm, limited to the thyroid

T1b

Tumor > 1 cm but ≤ 2 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid

T2

Tumor size > 2 cm but ≤ 4 cm, limited to the thyroid.

T3

Tumor size >4 cm, limited to the thyroid or any tumor with minimal extrathyroidal extension (eg, extension to sternothyroid muscle or perithyroid soft tissues)

T4a

Moderately advanced disease; tumor of any size extending beyond the thyroid capsule to invade subcutaneous soft tissues, larynx, trachea, esophagus, or recurrent laryngeal nerve

T4b

Very advanced disease; tumor invades prevertebral fascia or encases carotid artery or mediastinal vessel

All anaplastic carcinomas are considered stage IV:

T4a

Intrathyroidal anaplastic carcinoma

T4b

Anaplastic carcinoma with gross extrathyroid extension

Regional lymph nodes (N)

Regional lymph nodes are the central compartment, lateral cervical, and upper mediastinal lymph nodes:

NX

Regional nodes cannot be assessed

N0

No regional lymph node metastasis

N1

Regional lymph node metastasis

N1a

Metastases to level VI (pretracheal, paratracheal, and prelaryngeal/Delphian lymph nodes)

N1b

Metastases to unilateral, bilateral, or contralateral cervical (levels I, II, III, IV, or V) or retropharyngeal or superior mediastinal lymph nodes (level VII)

Distant metastasis (M)

M0

No distant metastasis is found

M1

Distant metastasis is present

Table. Stage grouping (Open Table in a new window)

Stage grouping

Separate stage groupings are recommended for papillary or follicular (differentiated), medullary, and anaplastic (undifferentiated) carcinoma

Papillary and follicular thyroid cancer (age < 45y):

Stage

T

N

M

I

Any T

Any N

M0

II

Any T

Any N

M1

Papillary and follicular; differentiated (age ≥ 45y):

Stage

T

N

M

I

T1

N0

M0

II

T2

N0

M0

III

T3

N0

M0

IVA

T1-3

N1a

M0

T4a

N1b

M0

IVB

T4b

Any N

M0

IVC

Any T

Any N

M1

Anaplastic carcinoma (all anaplastic carcinomas are considered stage IV):

Stage

T

N

M

IVA

T4a

Any N

M0

IVB

T4b

Any N

M0

IVC

Any T

Any N

M1

Medullary carcinoma (all age groups):

Stage

T

N

M

I

T1

N0

M0

II

T2, T3

N0

M0

III

T1-T3

N1a

M0

IVA

T4a

N0

M0

T4a

N1a

M0

T1

N1b

M0

T2

N1b

M0

T3

N1b

M0

T4a

N1b

M0

T4a

N0, N1b

M0

T1-T4a

N1b

M0

IVB

T4b

Any N

M0

IVC

Any T

Any N

M1

Edge SB, Byrd DR, Compton CC, Fritz AG, Greene FL, Trotti A, et al. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 7th ed. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 2010.

NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Thyroid Carcinoma. V.2.2013. Available at http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/thyroid.pdf. Accessed: September 5, 2013.

Primary tumor (T)

TX

Primary tumor cannot be assessed

T0

No evidence of primary tumor is found

T1

Tumor size ≤ 2 cm in greatest dimension and is limited to the thyroid

T1a

Tumor ≤ 1 cm, limited to the thyroid

T1b

Tumor > 1 cm but ≤ 2 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid

T2

Tumor size > 2 cm but ≤ 4 cm, limited to the thyroid.

T3

Tumor size >4 cm, limited to the thyroid or any tumor with minimal extrathyroidal extension (eg, extension to sternothyroid muscle or perithyroid soft tissues)

T4a

Moderately advanced disease; tumor of any size extending beyond the thyroid capsule to invade subcutaneous soft tissues, larynx, trachea, esophagus, or recurrent laryngeal nerve

T4b

Very advanced disease; tumor invades prevertebral fascia or encases carotid artery or mediastinal vessel

All anaplastic carcinomas are considered stage IV:

T4a

Intrathyroidal anaplastic carcinoma

T4b

Anaplastic carcinoma with gross extrathyroid extension

Regional lymph nodes (N)

Regional lymph nodes are the central compartment, lateral cervical, and upper mediastinal lymph nodes:

NX

Regional nodes cannot be assessed

N0

No regional lymph node metastasis

N1

Regional lymph node metastasis

N1a

Metastases to level VI (pretracheal, paratracheal, and prelaryngeal/Delphian lymph nodes)

N1b

Metastases to unilateral, bilateral, or contralateral cervical (levels I, II, III, IV, or V) or retropharyngeal or superior mediastinal lymph nodes (level VII)

Distant metastasis (M)

M0

No distant metastasis is found

M1

Distant metastasis is present

Stage grouping

Separate stage groupings are recommended for papillary or follicular (differentiated), medullary, and anaplastic (undifferentiated) carcinoma

Papillary and follicular thyroid cancer (age < 45y):

Stage

T

N

M

I

Any T

Any N

M0

II

Any T

Any N

M1

Papillary and follicular; differentiated (age ≥ 45y):

Stage

T

N

M

I

T1

N0

M0

II

T2

N0

M0

III

T3

N0

M0

IVA

T1-3

N1a

M0

T4a

N1b

M0

IVB

T4b

Any N

M0

IVC

Any T

Any N

M1

Anaplastic carcinoma (all anaplastic carcinomas are considered stage IV):

Stage

T

N

M

IVA

T4a

Any N

M0

IVB

T4b

Any N

M0

IVC

Any T

Any N

M1

Medullary carcinoma (all age groups):

Stage

T

N

M

I

T1

N0

M0

II

T2, T3

N0

M0

III

T1-T3

N1a

M0

IVA

T4a

N0

M0

T4a

N1a

M0

T1

N1b

M0

T2

N1b

M0

T3

N1b

M0

T4a

N1b

M0

T4a

N0, N1b

M0

T1-T4a

N1b

M0

IVB

T4b

Any N

M0

IVC

Any T

Any N

M1

Eric J Lentsch, MD Assistant Professor of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Mary L Windle, PharmD Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Christopher D Braden, DO Hematologist/Oncologist, Chancellor Center for Oncology at Deaconess Hospital; Medical Director, Deaconess Hospital Outpatient Infusion Centers; Chairman, Deaconess Hospital Cancer Committee

Christopher D Braden, DO is a member of the following medical societies: American Society of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Hematology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Jules E Harris, MD, FACP, FRCPC Clinical Professor of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Arizona Cancer Center

Jules E Harris, MD, FACP, FRCPC is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Society of Hematology, Central Society for Clinical and Translational Research, American Society of Clinical Oncology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Thyroid Cancer Staging 

Research & References of Thyroid Cancer Staging |A&C Accounting And Tax Services
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