Ankle Fracture

by | Feb 23, 2019 | Uncategorized | 0 comments

All Premium Themes And WEBSITE Utilities Tools You Ever Need! Greatest 100% Free Bonuses With Any Purchase.

Greatest CYBER MONDAY SALES with Bonuses are offered to following date: Get Started For Free!
Purchase Any Product Today! Premium Bonuses More Than $10,997 Will Be Emailed To You To Keep Even Just For Trying It Out.
Click Here To See Greatest Bonuses

and Try Out Any Today!

Here’s the deal.. if you buy any product(s) Linked from this sitewww.Knowledge-Easy.com including Clickbank products, as long as not Google’s product ads, I am gonna Send ALL to you absolutely FREE!. That’s right, you WILL OWN ALL THE PRODUCTS, for Now, just follow these instructions:

1. Order the product(s) you want by click here and select the Top Product, Top Skill you like on this site ..

2. Automatically send you bonuses or simply send me your receipt to consultingadvantages@yahoo.com Or just Enter name and your email in the form at the Bonus Details.

3. I will validate your purchases. AND Send Themes, ALL 50 Greatests Plus The Ultimate Marketing Weapon & “WEBMASTER’S SURVIVAL KIT” to you include ALL Others are YOURS to keep even you return your purchase. No Questions Asked! High Classic Guaranteed for you! Download All Items At One Place.

That’s it !

*Also Unconditionally, NO RISK WHAT SO EVER with Any Product you buy this website,

60 Days Money Back Guarantee,

IF NOT HAPPY FOR ANY REASON, FUL REFUND, No Questions Asked!

Download Instantly in Hands Top Rated today!

Remember, you really have nothing to lose if the item you purchased is not right for you! Keep All The Bonuses.

Super Premium Bonuses Are Limited Time Only!

Day(s)

:

Hour(s)

:

Minute(s)

:

Second(s)

Get Paid To Use Facebook, Twitter and YouTube
Online Social Media Jobs Pay $25 - $50/Hour.
No Experience Required. Work At Home, $316/day!
View 1000s of companies hiring writers now!
Order Now!

MOST POPULAR

*****
Customer Support Chat Job: $25/hr
Chat On Twitter Job - $25/hr
Get Paid to chat with customers on
a business’s Twitter account.
Try Free Now!
Get Paid To Review Apps On Phone
Want to get paid $810 per week online?
Get Paid To Review Perfect Apps Weekly.
Order Now!
Look For REAL Online Job?
Get Paid To Write Articles $200/day
View 1000s of companies hiring writers now!
Try-Out Free Now!

How To Develop Your Skill For Great Success And Happiness Including Become CPA? | Additional special tips From Admin

Competence Advancement is actually the number 1 vital and essential factor of reaching real good results in every vocations as you observed in the population along with in World-wide. So fortunate to look at together with you in the adhering to in regard to just what exactly successful Competence Advancement is; just how or what techniques we operate to obtain goals and in due course one is going to give good results with what individual prefers to carry out just about every daytime with regard to a extensive daily life. Is it so amazing if you are in a position to acquire competently and locate achieving success in precisely what you dreamed, focused for, picky and been effective hard just about every single day and undoubtedly you turned out to be a CPA, Attorney, an entrepreneur of a good sized manufacturer or quite possibly a doctor who can easily exceptionally bring amazing aid and valuations to people, who many, any world and neighborhood obviously admired and respected. I can's believe I can allow others to be major skilled level who seem to will lead substantial solutions and help valuations to society and communities nowadays. How joyful are you if you grow to be one like so with your own name on the title? I get got there at SUCCESS and defeat all of the the very hard segments which is passing the CPA exams to be CPA. What is more, we will also include what are the pitfalls, or various concerns that is perhaps on ones own method and precisely how I have privately experienced them and might demonstrate you ways to prevail over them. | From Admin and Read More at Cont'.

Ankle Fracture

No Results

No Results

processing….

The ankle joint is composed of 2 joints: the true ankle joint and the subtalar joint. Ankle fractures refer to fractures of the distal tibia, distal fibula, talus, and calcaneus. The true ankle joint contains the tibia (medial wall), fibula (lateral wall), and talus (the floor upon which the tibia and fibula rest). The true ankle joint allows dorsiflexion and plantar flexion or the “up and down” movement of the ankle. The foot can be made to point toward the floor or toward the ceiling via the true ankle joint.

The subtalar joint consists of the talus and the calcaneus. The subtalar joint allows the foot to be inverted or everted, that is, the sole of the foot can be made to face inward (inverted) or face outward (everted) through the subtalar joint.

During evaluation of ankle fractures, the mechanism of injury (eg, eversion, inversion, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion), associated injuries (eg, vascular, ligamentous, capsular), the need for immobilization (eg, application of a splint), and the need for referral to a specialist for further treatment or evaluation (eg, additional immobilization, surgery, or rehabilitation) are all important components of care.

For more information on fractures, see Medscape’s Fracture Resource Center.

The primary motion of the ankle at the true ankle joint (tibiotalar joint) is plantarflexion and dorsiflexion. Inversion and eversion occur at the subtalar joint.

Excessive inversion stress is the most common cause of ankle injuries for 2 anatomic reasons. First, the medial malleolus is shorter than the lateral malleolus, allowing the talus to invert more than evert. Second, the deltoid ligament stabilizing the medial aspect of the ankle joint offers stronger support than the thinner lateral ligaments. As a result, the ankle is more stable and resistant to eversion injury than inversion injury. However, when eversion injury occurs, there is often substantial damage to bony and ligamentous supporting structures and loss of joint stability.

Posterior malleolar fractures are usually associated with other fractures and/or ligamentous disruption. They are commonly associated with fibular fractures and are often unstable.

Transverse malleolar fractures usually represent an avulsion-type injury. Vertical malleolar fractures result from talar impaction.

Of all the ankle injuries evaluated in the ED, only 15% are ankle fractures. The frequency of ankle fractures has been increasing for the past 20 years, and the rate is approximately 187 in 100,000 person-years.

Patients with unrecognized or undertreated open ankle fractures are at high risk of infection including local infection, osteomyelitis, and sepsis. Gas gangrene is the most serious infectious complication. It can be both limb and life threatening.

Vascular supply to the ankle and foot may become compromised by development of a compartment syndrome or direct injury to blood vessels from bone fragments.

Talus fractures, those commonly occurring in snowboarding trauma, can cause osteoarthritis and subtalar joint degeneration.

A calcaneal fracture may compromise inversion and eversion of the ankle. Surgical complications and prolonged rehabilitation are common with calcaneal fractures.

Older patients with ankle fractures experience more long-term complications than younger patients.

The male-to-female ratio for ankle fracture is 2:1. Most patients younger than 50 years are male, while most older than 50 years are female.

In children, ankle fractures have an incidence of 1 in 1000 per year. [1] Pediatric ankle bones are susceptible to medial malleolar and transitional fractures of the distal tibia.

As the population ages, ankle fractures are becoming more common. An increase in fall risk and osteoporosis are risk factors.

The prognosis can be improved with prompt, accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment and referral.

Complex open fractures with substantial soft-tissue damage have a worse prognosis than isolated closed ankle fractures.

Isolated, nondisplaced lateral malleolus fracture, the most common ankle fracture, has a favorable prognosis and heals unremarkably.

Aggressive rehabilitation helps reduce the majority of morbidity associated with ankle fractures.

For excellent patient education resources, visit eMedicineHealth’s First Aid and Injuries Center. Also, see eMedicineHealth’s patient education article Broken Ankle (Ankle Fracture).

Yeung DE, Jia X, Miller CA, Barker SL. Interventions for treating ankle fractures in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Apr 1. 4:CD010836. [Medline].

Shariff SS, Nathwani DK. Lauge-Hansen classification–a literature review. Injury. 2006 Sep. 37(9):888-90. [Medline].

Michelson JD, Magid D, McHale K. Clinical utility of a stability-based ankle fracture classification system. J Orthop Trauma. 2007 May. 21(5):307-15. [Medline].

Van Schie-Van der Weert EM, Van Lieshout EM, De Vries MR, Van der Elst M, Schepers T. Determinants of outcome in operatively and non-operatively treated Weber-B ankle fractures. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2012 Feb. 132(2):257-63. [Medline]. [Full Text].

Duchesneau S, Fallat LM. The Tillaux fracture. J Foot Ankle Surg. 1996 Mar-Apr. 35(2):127-33; discussion 189. [Medline].

McCrory P, Bladin C. Fractures of the lateral process of the talus: a clinical review. “Snowboarder’s ankle”. Clin J Sport Med. 1996 Apr. 6(2):124-8. [Medline].

Chan GM, Yoshida D. Fracture of the lateral process of the talus associated with snowboarding. Ann Emerg Med. 2003 Jun. 41(6):854-8. [Medline].

Hinds RM, Garner MR, Lazaro LE, Warner SJ, Loftus ML, Birnbaum JF, et al. Ankle Fracture Spur Sign Is Pathognomonic for the Hyperplantarflexion Variant Ankle Fracture. Foot Ankle Int. 2014 Oct 2. [Medline].

Broomhead A, Stuart P. Validation of the Ottawa Ankle Rules in Australia. Emerg Med (Fremantle). 2003 Apr. 15(2):126-32. [Medline].

David S, Gray K, Russell JA, Starkey C. Validation of the Ottawa Ankle Rules for Acute Foot and Ankle Injuries. J Sport Rehabil. 2016 Feb. 25 (1):48-51. [Medline].

[Guideline] Dalinka MK, Alazraki NP, Daffner RH, DeSmet AA, El-Khoury GY, Kneeland JB, et al. Suspected ankle fractures. [online publication]. Reston (VA): American College of Radiology (ACR); 2005. [Full Text].

Dowdall H, Gee M, Brison RJ, Pickett W. Utilization of radiographs for the diagnosis of ankle fractures in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Acad Emerg Med. 2011 May. 18(5):555-8. [Medline].

Dowling S, Spooner CH, Liang Y, Dryden DM, Friesen C, Klassen TP, et al. Accuracy of Ottawa Ankle Rules to exclude fractures of the ankle and midfoot in children: a meta-analysis. Acad Emerg Med. 2009 Apr. 16(4):277-87. [Medline].

Petscavage J, Baker SR, Clarkin K, Luk L. Overuse of concomitant foot radiographic series in patients sustaining minor ankle injuries. Emerg Radiol. 2009 Oct 16. [Medline].

Gonzalez O, Fleming JJ, Meyr AJ. Radiographic Assessment of Posterior Malleolar Ankle Fractures. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2014 Sep 25. [Medline].

Mosher TJ, Kransdorf MJ, Adler R, Appel M, Beaman FD, Bernard SA, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria acute trauma to the ankle. J Am Coll Radiol. 2015 Mar. 12 (3):221-7. [Medline].

Fokin A Jr, Huntley SR, Summers SH, Lawrie CM, Miranda AD, Caban-Martinez AJ, et al. Computed Tomography Assessment of Peroneal Tendon Displacement and Posteromedial Structure Entrapment in Pilon Fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2016 Nov. 30 (11):627-633. [Medline].

Tollefson B, Nichols J, Fromang S, Summers RL. Validation of the Sonographic Ottawa Foot and Ankle Rules (SOFAR) Study in a Large Urban Trauma Center. J Miss State Med Assoc. 2016 Feb. 57 (2):35-8. [Medline].

Alioto RJ, Furia JP, Marquardt JD. Hematoma block for ankle fractures: a safe and efficacious technique for manipulations. J Orthop Trauma. 1995 Apr. 9(2):113-6. [Medline].

Barnett PL, Lee MH, Oh L, Cull G, Babl F. Functional outcome after air-stirrup ankle brace or fiberglass backslab for pediatric low-risk ankle fractures: a randomized observer-blinded controlled trial. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2012 Aug. 28(8):745-9. [Medline].

Mora S, Zalavras CG, Wang L, et al. The role of pulsatile cold compression in edema resolution following ankle fractures: a randomized clinical trial. Foot Ankle Int. 2002 Nov. 23(11):999-1002. [Medline].

Okcu G, Yercan HS. Is it possible to decrease skin temperature with ice packs under casts and bandages? A cross-sectional, randomized trial on normal and swollen ankles. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2006 Dec. 126(10):668-73. [Medline].

[Guideline] Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. Ottawa Ankle Rules for Ankle Injury Radiography. Available at http://www.ohri.ca/emerg/cdr/docs/cdr_ankle_poster.pdf. 2013; Accessed: October 26, 2016.

Ashworth MJ, Patel N. Compartment syndrome following ankle fracture-dislocation: a case report. J Orthop Trauma. 1998 Jan. 12(1):67-8. [Medline].

Birrer R, Cartwright T, Denton J. Immediate diagnosis of ankle trauma. The Physician and Sports Medicine. McGraw Hill; 1994. Vol 22: 95-103.

Bucholz RW, Heckman JD. Fractures in adults. Rockwood and Green’s Fractures in Adults. 5th ed. 2001.

Court-Brown CM, McBirnie J, Wilson G. Adult ankle fractures–an increasing problem?. Acta Orthop Scand. 1998 Feb. 69(1):43-7. [Medline].

Cummings RJ, Hahn GA. The incisural fracture. Foot Ankle Int. 2004 Mar. 25(3):132-5. [Medline].

Daffner RH. Ankle trauma. Radiol Clin North Am. 1990 Mar. 28(2):395-421. [Medline].

Derksen RJ, Bakker FC, Geervliet PC, et al. Diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility in the interpretation of Ottawa ankleand foot rules by specialized emergency nurses. Am J Emerg Med. 2005 Oct. 23(6):725-9. [Medline].

Duke Orthopaedics. Ankle Fractures. Wheeless’ Textbook of Orthopaedics online. 2005. [Full Text].

Fox A, Wykes P, Eccles K, et al. Five years of ankle fractures grouped by stability. Injury. 2005 Jul. 36(7):836-41. [Medline].

Greenfield DM, Eastell R. Risk factors for ankle fracture. Osteoporos Int. 2001. 12(2):97-103. [Medline].

Holroyd BR, Wilson D, Rowe BH, et al. Uptake of validated clinical practice guidelines: experience with implementing the Ottawa Ankle Rules. Am J Emerg Med. 2004 May. 22(3):149-55. [Medline].

Kannus P, Palvanen M, Niemi S, et al. Increasing number and incidence of low-trauma ankle fractures in elderly people: Finnish statistics during 1970-2000 and projections for the future. Bone. 2002 Sep. 31(3):430-3. [Medline].

Kirkpatrick DP, Hunter RE, Janes PC, et al. The snowboarder’s foot and ankle. Am J Sports Med. 1998 Mar-Apr. 26(2):271-7. [Medline].

Koury SI, Stone CK, Harrell G, et al. Recognition and management of Tillaux fractures in adolescents. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1999 Feb. 15(1):37-9. [Medline].

Koval KJ, Lurie J, Zhou W, et al. Ankle fractures in the elderly: what you get depends on where you live and who you see. J Orthop Trauma. 2005 Oct. 19(9):635-9. [Medline].

Koval KJ, Zhou W, Sparks MJ, et al. Complications after ankle fracture in elderly patients. Foot Ankle Int. 2007 Dec. 28(12):1249-55. [Medline].

Martin AG. Weber B ankle fracture: an unnecessary fracture clinic burden. Injury. 2004 Aug. 35(8):805-8. [Medline].

Muthukumar T, Butt SH, Cassar-Pullicino VN. Stress fractures and related disorders in foot and ankle: plain films, scintigraphy, CT, and MR Imaging. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2005 Sep. 9(3):210-26. [Medline].

Nugent PJ. Ottawa Ankle Rules accurately asses injuries and reduce reliance on radiographs. J Fam Pract. 2004 Oct. 53(10):785-8. [Medline].

Park JW, Kim SK, Hong JS, et al. Anterior tibiofibular ligament avulsion fracture in weber type B lateral malleolar fracture. J Trauma. 2002 Apr. 52(4):655-9. [Medline].

Perry JJ, Stiell IG. Impact of clinical decision rules on clinical care of traumatic injuries to the foot and ankle, knee, cervical spine, and head. Injury. 2006 Dec. 37(12):1157-65. [Medline].

Ruiz E, Cicero J. Emergency Management of Skeletal Injuries. 1st ed. Mosby-Year Book, Incorporated; 1995. 517-541.

Schmittenbecher PP. What must we respect in articular fractures in childhood?. Injury. 2005 Feb. 36 Suppl 1:A35-43. [Medline].

Stiell IG, McKnight RD, Greenberg GH, et al. Implementation of the Ottawa ankle rules. JAMA. 1994 Mar 16. 271(11):827-32. [Medline].

Tang CW, Roidis N, Vaishnav S, et al. Position of the distal fibular fragment in pronation and supination ankle fractures: a CT evaluation. Foot Ankle Int. 2003 Jul. 24(7):561-6. [Medline].

Thordarson DB. Detecting and treating common foot and ankle fractures: Part 1: The ankle and hindfoot. Phys Sportsmed. 1996 Sep. 24(9):

Werner CM, Lorich DG, Gardner MJ, et al. Ankle fractures: it is not just a “simple” ankle fracture. Am J Orthop. 2007 Sep. 36(9):466-9. [Medline].

Wexler RK. The injured ankle. Am Fam Physician. 1998 Feb 1. 57(3):474-80. [Medline].

Kara Iskyan, MD Staff Physician, Departments of Internal Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Allegheny General Hospital

Kara Iskyan, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, Emergency Medicine Residents’ Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Andrew A Aronson, MD, FACEP Vice President, Physician Practices, Bravo Health Advanced Care Center; Consulting Staff, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taylor Hospital

Andrew A Aronson, MD, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, Massachusetts Medical Society, Society of Hospital Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

David B Levy, DO, FAAEM Senior Consultant in Emergency Medicine, Waikato District Health Board, New Zealand; Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine

David B Levy, DO, FAAEM is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, Fellowship of the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine, American Medical Informatics Association, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Trevor John Mills, MD, MPH Chief of Emergency Medicine, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System; Professor of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine

Trevor John Mills, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francis Counselman, MD, FACEP Chair, Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School

Francis Counselman, MD, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Emergency Physicians, Norfolk Academy of Medicine, Association of Academic Chairs of Emergency Medicine, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

The authors and editors of Medscape Reference gratefully acknowledge the contributions of previous author, Jerome FX Naradzay, MD, to the development and writing of this article.

Ankle Fracture

Research & References of Ankle Fracture|A&C Accounting And Tax Services
Source

facebookShare on Facebook
TwitterTweet
FollowFollow us
From Admin and Read More here. A note for you if you pursue CPA licence, KEEP PRACTICE with the MANY WONDER HELPS I showed you. Make sure to check your works after solving simulations. If a Cashflow statement or your consolidation statement is balanced, you know you pass right after sitting for the exams. I hope my information are great and helpful. Implement them. They worked for me. Hey.... turn gray hair to black also guys. Do not forget HEALTH? Skill level Improvement is actually the number 1 significant and important aspect of acquiring valid good results in all of jobs as you actually noticed in your culture together with in Throughout the world. As a result fortunate enough to explain with everyone in the next pertaining to whatever powerful Ability Expansion is;. just how or what solutions we do the job to get dreams and sooner or later one is going to do the job with what individual likes to accomplish just about every single working day meant for a total daily life. Is it so great if you are capable to produce economically and locate achievements in everything that you believed, directed for, disciplined and functioned hard every single day time and definitely you grow to be a CPA, Attorney, an master of a massive manufacturer or possibly even a health practitioner who can remarkably chip in amazing assistance and values to other people, who many, any modern society and network certainly adored and respected. I can's believe that I can enable others to be major expert level who seem to will play a role major products and alleviation values to society and communities right now. How pleased are you if you develop into one like so with your very own name on the label? I have arrived at SUCCESS and prevail over all the tough portions which is passing the CPA qualifications to be CPA. On top of that, we will also take care of what are the pitfalls, or other factors that could possibly be on ones own process and the best way I have privately experienced them and should reveal you easy methods to overcome them.

Send your purchase information or ask a question here!

1 + 9 =

0 Comments

Submit a Comment

Business Best Sellers

 

Get Paid To Use Facebook, Twitter and YouTube
Online Social Media Jobs Pay $25 - $50/Hour.
No Experience Required. Work At Home, $316/day!
View 1000s of companies hiring writers now!
Order Now!

 

MOST POPULAR

*****

Customer Support Chat Job: $25/hr
Chat On Twitter Job - $25/hr
Get Paid to chat with customers on
a business’s Twitter account.
Try Free Now!

 

Get Paid To Review Apps On Phone
Want to get paid $810 per week online?
Get Paid To Review Perfect Apps Weekly.
Order Now!

Look For REAL Online Job?
Get Paid To Write Articles $200/day
View 1000s of companies hiring writers now!
Try-Out Free Now!

 
 

Ankle Fracture
error: Content is protected !!