Renal artery stenosis
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In renal artery stenosis, one or both of the arteries leading to the kidneys becomes narrowed, preventing adequate blood flow to the kidneys.
Renal artery stenosis is the narrowing of one or more arteries that carry blood to your kidneys (renal arteries).
Narrowing of the arteries prevents normal amounts of oxygen-rich blood from reaching your kidneys. Your kidneys need adequate blood flow to help filter waste products and remove excess fluids. Reduced blood flow may increase blood pressure in your whole body (systemic blood pressure or hypertension) and injure kidney tissue.
Renal artery stenosis care at Mayo Clinic
Renal artery stenosis may cause no signs or symptoms until the condition reaches an advanced state. Most people with renal artery stenosis have no signs and symptoms. The condition is sometimes discovered incidentally during testing for some other reason. Your doctor may also suspect a problem if you have:
As renal artery stenosis progresses, other signs and symptoms may include:
Make an appointment with your doctor if you have any persistent signs or symptoms that worry you.
The two main causes of renal artery stenosis include:
Fibromuscular dysplasia. In fibromuscular dysplasia, the muscle in the artery wall grows abnormally. The renal artery can have narrow sections alternating with wider sections, giving a beadlike appearance in images of the artery.
The renal artery can narrow so much that the kidney doesn’t receive an adequate supply of blood and can become damaged. This can happen in one or both kidneys. Experts don’t know what causes fibromuscular dysplasia, but the condition is more common in women and may be something that’s present at birth (congenital).
Atherosclerosis and fibromuscular dysplasia can affect other arteries in your body as well as your kidney (renal) arteries and cause complications.
Rarely, renal artery stenosis results from other conditions such as inflammation of the blood vessels (vasculitis); a nervous system disorder that causes tumors to develop on nerve tissue (neurofibromatosis); or a growth that develops in your abdomen and presses on your kidneys’ arteries (extrinsic compression).
Most cases of renal artery stenosis result from atherosclerosis. Risk factors for atherosclerosis of the renal arteries are the same as for atherosclerosis anywhere else in your body and include:
Possible complications of renal artery stenosis include:
Renal artery stenosis care at Mayo Clinic
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Renal artery stenosis
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